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Large companies dominate business R&D expenditures

9/14/2018

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Washington DC - Companies employing more than 5,000 people represent nearly two-thirds (63.9 percent) of all business R&D in the United States, according to an analysis of NSF’s Business Research, Development, and Innovation Survey (BRDIS). With the recent release of more detailed numbers and to expand on a Useful Stats report from earlier this year, this analysis focuses on business R&D by company size. Small and mid-sized companies made up the highest share of business R&D in Alaska, New Mexico and Louisiana. In Delaware, Michigan and Oregon, large companies made up the highest share of business R&D.
Large businesses — those with more than 250 employees — make up about 88.5 percent of business R&D in the United States. This number is relatively consistent regardless of state size: large businesses comprise 89.1 percent of business R&D in the largest states (by population), and 85.5 percent of all business R&D in the smallest states. Nearly two-thirds of all business R&D (63.9 percent) in the United States comes from the very largest companies, or those with more than 25,000 employees.

Besides California ($85.7 billion), which greatly outperformed other states, large companies performed the most R&D in 2015 in Washington ($15.3 billion), Massachusetts ($14.9 billion), and Michigan ($14.7 billion). Large companies made up the largest share of business R&D in Delaware (96.9 percent), Michigan (94.1 percent), and Oregon (94.0 percent).

Besides California ($3.2 billion), the states where small companies (25 employees or less) performed the most R&D in 2015 were Massachusetts ($1.4 billion), Texas ($865 million), and New York ($719 million).

Large companies do not dominate business R&D expenditures in every state. The states where companies with more than 250 employees make up the smallest share of business R&D are Alaska (21.8 percent), New Mexico (50.8 percent), and Louisiana (57.2 percent). Among the biggest states, large companies make up the smallest share of business R&D investment in Louisiana (57.2 percent), Alabama (69.0 percent), and Virginia (72.6 percent).

The interactive map in the report looks at total business R&D in 2015, the percent change in business R&D from 2010 to 2015, and the share of business R&D in 2015 performed by companies with more than 2015 employees. The points for combined statistical areas use 2013 data, the most recent year where data is available. 

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